15th and 18th Constitutional Amendments

15th Amendment - Right to Vote

The 15th amendment was proposed by Congress on February 26, 1869. It was ratified on February 3, 1870. This amendment does not guarantee the right to vote to African Americans or anyone else. This amendment does forbid the States from discriminating against any person on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The 15th amendment was created right after the civil war to give equal voting opportunities for African Americans, other minority, and other everyone else.

Today this amendment still gives an equal opportunity to everyone so they may vote. It gives everyone an equal say in political issues.

The 15th amendment still has issues today. Some people are intimidated and do not want to vote. Also, our rights to vote have been questioned during rallies and it has even been questioned by our presidential candidates.

18th Amendment - Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors

The 18th amendment was proposed by congress on December 18, 1917. It was ratified on January 16, 1919. This outlawed the making, selling, transporting, importing, or exporting of alcoholic beverages in the US. This amendment was repealed by the 21st amendment in 1933.

The 18th amendment was created by activists who thought that alcohol was tearing apart our country. They thought that alcohol was causing excess violence and grief between families.

 It was repealed in its entirety in 1933. It really opened up the gates to organized crime.

Today some want to change the legal drinking age to 18. Organized crime is still a huge issue. Also some states want to ban alcohol again.

Commercial Classical Conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus - The beach and the very attractive woman.

Conditioned Stimulus - The Hardee's meal and the burger.

Unconditioned Response - Happiness, eagerness, or a wanting to go to the beach and relax or happiness or an attraction to the beautiful woman.

Conditioned Response - Hungriness because the burger looks tasty, or happiness or joy about the wonderful food from Hardee's.

Learning

    The first time I remember teaching someone something was when I taught someone how to throw a football. Throwing a football isn’t the most difficult task to do, but for someone who hasn’t throw one before it can be kind of difficult. With a little work and practice throwing a football can become second nature.

     While teaching the kid how to throw a football it took patience and lots of hands on work. I had to be patient with the little kid because no one is perfect, and he had never thrown a football before so it took a little time. The hands on work I had to do was I had to demonstrate the correct technique of how to throw a football so he knew how he was supposed to throw it.

      When everything was said and done, things worked out. The efforts I put into helping him throw a football paid off and in the end he could throw a football pretty good. I was happy with the effort he put into it and I was glad the techniques I used paid off.

Scientific Analysis

How our Brain Slows Down the Effects of Aging

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160914090317.htm

1- In one sentence, what was the research about?

 The research was about how our brain develops remarkable strategies to slow down the effects of aging

2- How many subjects were used in the experiment?

Many different subjects, older and younger.
 

3- Was there a control group?

 Yes

4- How were the subjects chosen?

 By their age

5- What did the experimenters do to the subjects?

 They made the subjects categorize distinct shapes and colors.

6- How did the subjects react?
The younger people were able to categorize most distinct circles and colors easier than elderly people. This is because elderly people look more in depth to detail than younger people, which causes them to take longer to differentiate certain objects.


7- Did the subjects act the way the experimenters expected?

Yes, they acted how they had predicted.

Fantasy Play Can Lead to More Creative Thinking

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160915085731.htm

1- In one sentence, what was the research about?

 The research was about how engaging in fantasy play could benefit creative thinking in children.

2- How many subjects were used in the experiment?

 70 kids ages 4-8

3- Was there a control group?

 No

4- How were the subjects chosen?

 They were chosen from the ages 4-8. The kids picked who were 4-8 were randomly chosen.

5- What did the experimenters do to the subjects?

 They ran them through a series of fantasy and real life drawing and describing exercises.

6- How did the subjects react?

 The children who reported more fantastical play were also found to be more creative and think at a higher level.

7- Did the subjects act the way the experimenters expected?

Yes. The experimenters predicted that played with more fantastical characteristics would be more creative and would have a higher intelligence.


Medicine for Bipolar Disease may be Linked to Genes

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160914134857.htm

1- In one sentence, what was the research about?


 A new drug is being prescribed to people with bipolar disease based on the person’s genes.

2- How many subjects were used in the experiment?

 43

3- Was there a control group?

 Yes

4- How were the subjects chosen?

 The subjects were chosen based on the disease they had and by what genes that possessed.

5- What did the experimenters do to the subjects?

 The experimenters gave the subjects the new drug that they are prescribing and the study the effects the medicine had on the different symptoms of the bipolar disease.

6- How did the subjects react?

 Subjects who had the Val/Val genotype found the medicine helped them and it decreased the negative side effects given off by the disease, the people with the genotype Met/Met remained the same and had bad negative side effects caused by the disease.

7- Did the subjects act the way the experimenters expected?

Yes, medicine did what it was supposed to in the genotype the experimenters expected it to.


Learning to Control Your Brain Activity can Help with Traumatic Stress

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160912122608.htm

1- In one sentence, what was the research about?

 Using auditory or visual signals can help you control your brain activity which can help deal with traumatic stress.

2- How many subjects were used in the experiment?

 40

3- Was there a control group?

 No

4- How were the subjects chosen?

 Randomly

5- What did the experimenters do to the subjects?

 They taught the subjects to regulate their brain activity by using visual and auditory signals.

6- How did the subjects react?

 They were able to improve the well being of their mind and they were able to improve stress levels which would give them a better life.

7- Did the subjects act the way the experimenters expected?

Yes, the experimenters were able to help control the subjects the way they thought they could.